Prepared by: Victoria Zakrajšek, Tatjana Kofol Bric 
Date of last change: March 2019

Purpose and justification of the indicator

<p>Today we live in a fattening environment - this is an environment in which a person is exposed to many possibilities of excessive energy intake and at the same time insufficient consumption. This means that the food supply is such that we can quickly enter a large amount of calories into the body, but at the same time, due to today's sedentary lifestyle, we do not use these calories. According to OECD data, more than one in two adults and almost one in six children in the EU are overweight or obese. The OECD reports that the proportion of obesity has continued to increase over the past five years, albeit at a slower rate than before. Even in Slovenia, we are still witnessing an increase in overweight and obesity among adults as well as among children and adolescents, but it is slowing down in some age groups and with some gender differences. Obesity is more common in people of lower socio-economic status and we expect inequalities to increase.</p>

Definition of indicator

<p>The indicator "Overnutrition of adults" shows the proportion of people aged 25-74 who have a body mass index (BMI) equal to or above 25.0.</p>

Unit of measure

Calculation of the indicator

<p>The most commonly used measure of overnutrition is the body mass index (BMI). BMI is an anthropological measure defined as body mass in kilograms divided by the square of body height in meters. In the adult population, values of 25 kg/m&sup2; and above are used to define overnutrition and obesity. They are further divided into subcategories of obesity classes I, II and III.</p>
<div class="table-responsive">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.4765%;">BMI, kg/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi> m</mi><mn> 2</mn></msup></math></td>
<td style="width: 48.4765%;">NUTRITION</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.4765%;">less than 18.5</td>
<td style="width: 48.4765%;">malnutrition</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.4765%;">18.5-24.9</td>
<td style="width: 48.4765%;">normal nutrition</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.4765%;">25.0-29.9</td>
<td style="width: 48.4765%;">overeating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.4765%;">30.0-34.9</td>
<td style="width: 48.4765%;">obesity class 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.4765%;">35.0-39.9</td>
<td style="width: 48.4765%;">obesity class 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.4765%;">more than 40.0</td>
<td style="width: 48.4765%;">obesity class 3</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>The indicator "Overnutrition of adults" shows the ratio between the number of persons with BMI&ge;25.0 and the number of all persons who answered the questionnaire Health-related behavioral style, multiplied by 100.</p>
<p>Overeating in adults</p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>o</mi><mi>f</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>p</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>w</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>B</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>I</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>25</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>n</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>o</mi><mi>f</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>p</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>w</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>q</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#215;</mo><mn>100</mn></math></p>
<p>The height and weight data needed to calculate the body mass index are obtained from the Health Behavioral Style survey.</p>
<p>The indicator for the municipality is calculated on the basis of a model that takes into account the prevalence of persons with BMI&ge;25.0 at the level of the administrative unit and demographic data of the municipality.</p>

Data sources for Slovenia

<p>Health-Related Behavioral Style (CINDI) Survey, National Institute of Public Health.</p>

Time availability

<p>Data is collected periodically. The research was conducted in 2001, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016.</p>

Men in literature

<ol>
<li>Health at a Glance: Europe 2016. State of health in the EU cycle. <a href="https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264265592-en.pdf?expires=1550745745&amp;id=id&amp;accname=guest&amp;checksum=A8A9C3FD22C573E28708DF123D8334F7">https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264265592-en.pdf?expires=1550745745&amp;id=id&amp;accname=guest&amp;checksum=A8A9C3FD22C573E28708DF123D8334F7</a></li>
<li>OECD. Obesity update 2017. <a href="http://www.oecd.org/health/obesity-update.htm">http://www.oecd.org/health/obesity-update.htm</a></li>
<li>OECD. We must tackle the growing burden of obesity <a href="http://oecdinsights.org/2017/05/18/we-must-tackle-the-growing-burden-of-obesity/">http://oecdinsights.org/2017/05/18/we-must-tackle-the-growing-burden-of-obesity/</a></li>
<li>Childhood obesity in Slovenia. Expert starting points for cost estimation. A. Koro&scaron;ec, M. Gabrijelčič Blenku&scaron;, M. Robnik. NIJZ, 2018. <a href="http://www.nijz.si/sites/www.nijz.si/files/publikacije-datoteke/stroski_otroske_debelosti_0.pdf">http://www.nijz.si/sites/www.nijz.si/files/publikacije-datoteke/stroski_otroske_debelosti_0.pdf</a></li>
</ol>

Notes

<ul>
<li>The survey includes people aged 25-74.</li>
<li>The survey does not cover the population residing in the institution at the time of the survey.</li>
<li>Body height and body mass are self-measured and self-reported data.</li>
</ul>

Health risk factors

Prepared by: Metka Zaletel 
Date of last modification: September 2016

Residents and community

Prepared by: Mojca Simončič and Metka Zaletel 
Date of last change: January 2018

Prepared by: Mojca Simončič and Metka Zaletel 
Date of last change: September 2016

Prepared by: Mojca Simončič 
Date of last change: March 2017

Prepared by: Gregor Starc 
Date of last modification: September 2016

Prepared by: Gregor Starc, Kristina Orožen 
Date of last change: September 2016

Prepared by: Tina Lesnik 
Date of last change: March 2021

Prepared by: Andreja Belščak 
Date of last change: September 2016

Prepared by: Mateja Rok Simon and Tina Zupanič 
Date of last change: March 2017

Prepared by: Metka Zaletel 
Date of last modification: March 2019

Prepared by: Victoria Zakrajšek 
Date of last change: March 2021

Prepared by: Martin Ranfl, Jona Bambič 
Date of last change: November 2017

Prepared by: Jasmina Staroveški Anderlič 
Date of last change: March 2020

Prepared by: Victoria Zakrajšek 
Date of last change: November 2021

Prepared by: Victoria Zakrajšek 
Date of last change: March 2023

Prepared by: Tatjana Kofol Bric 
Date of last modification: September 2016

Preventive

Prepared by: Victoria Zakrajšek and Sonja Tomšič 
Date of last change: March 2017

Prepared by: Bonia Miljavac 
Date of last change: March 2017

Prepared by: Sonja Tomšič 
Date of last change: November 2019

Prepared by: Sonja Tomšič 
Date of last change: March 2021

Health status

Prepared by: Victoria Zakrajšek 
Date of last change: March 2017

Prepared by: Aleš Korošec 
Date of last change: September 2016

Prepared by: Aleš Korošec
Date of last change: September 2016

Prepared by: Tatjana Kofol Bric 
Date of last change: March 2019

Prepared by: Aleš Korošec and Sonja Tomšič 
Date of last change: September 2016

Prepared by: Mojca Simončič and Metka Zaletel 
Date of last change: October 2019

Prepared by: Kristina Orožen 
Date of last change: March 2019

Prepared by: Tatjana Kofol Bric, Jona Bambič 
Date of last change: March 2018

Prepared by: Victoria Zakrajšek, Tatjana Kofol Bric 
Date of last change: February 2020

Prepared by: Ema Ahačič 
Date of last change: April 2023

Prepared by: Ema Ahačič 
Date of last change: March 2023

Mortality

Prepared by: Sonja Tomšič, Tatjana Kofol Bric 
Date of last change: March 2019

Prepared by: Sonja Tomšič 
Date of last change: March 2019

Prepared by: Tina Lesnik 
Date of last change: March 2019

Prepared by: Tina Lesnik 
Date of last change: March 2020